A comparison of the levels of earthquake awareness and preparedness in a high risk and low risk barangay / The Health Sciences Journal

INTRODUCTION@#Metro Manila is at risk from “the big one”, a magnitude 7.2 earthquake caused by the movement of the West Valley Fault, thus awareness and preparedness of the people are very important. The study compared the levels of earthquake awareness and preparedness of households in a high-risk area and a low risk area.@*METHODS@#This was a cross-sectional study among 376 households each from a high- and a low-risk barangay in Metro Manila using a self-administered household-based survey questionnaire consisting of questions on awareness and preparedness. The prevalence of households classified as aware and wellprepared was computed; the significance of differences between the high- and low risk barangays was determined through Fisher’s exact test. @*RESULTS@#There were fewer households classified as aware in the high-risk barangay compared with the low risk barangay, but the difference was not significant (PR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.84, 1.01, p = 0.078, Fisher’s exact test). Less than half of households were classified as well-prepared in both high- and low risk barangays (49.7 vs 46.5%) and the difference was not significant (PR = 1.07, 95% CI 0.92, 1.24, p = 0.422, Fisher’s exact test). Television was the most common source of information in both barangays. Households in the high-risk barangay were more likely to be well-prepared when a member was at least a high school graduate (PR = 2.54, 95% CI 1.24, 5.22, p = 0.001, Fisher’s exact test).@*CONCLUSION@#There was no difference in the levels of awareness and preparedness between high and low risk barangays. Television was the most common source of information in both high and low risk barangays. The presence of at least one high school graduate in the household from a high-risk barangay was associated with preparedness but not awareness.

Experiences and perceptions of former medical students on the neurology curriculum: A reminiscing focus group discussion / The Health Sciences Journal

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this focus group discussion was to explore the experiences and perceptionsof former medical students with the undergraduate neurology curriculum.METHODS: Perceptual patterns were derived from transcriptions of the discussion of the participants in afocus group discussion involving faculty, residents and postgraduate interns. Data were analyzed usinglatent content analysis and constant comparison techniques.RESULTS: Shared experiences in clinical clerkship were mostly negative. The difficult initial patient encounterswere suggested to be minimized through hierarchal modeling, modification of the subject contents andearly clinical exposures. An environment created to be conducive to learning and neuroscience subjectssuited for the primary physician will equip the medical graduates better. The perceived pressures forcedthe participants to find ways to cope. Neuroanatomy helped much in the clinics. The group suggestedmore clinical correlates and the use of drawings to aid the graduates attain the competency in neurologyfor a primary physician.CONCLUSION: The participants' experiences were largely negative and were brought about by a varied formof pressures. Contributing factors were identified and suggestions to improve learning and retentionwere given.

Healthcare-associated expenses due to injuries in the Philippines

@#<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> Injuries are common causes of hospital visits and deaths in the Philippines. The national healthcare-associated expenses due to these injuries have not been established.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><b>OBJECTIVE: </b>To estimate the healthcare-associated expenses due to injuries in the Philippines. Methods. Review of patient charts and patient interviews were conducted in 21 hospitals in the Philippines. A convenience sample of patients was interviewed to ascertain other direct medical and non-medical expenses.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><b>RESULTS:</b> Median admission costs based on hospital bills were: road injuries: PhP10,192.25, poisoning: PhP4,402.00, burns: PhP6,521.53, animal-related: PhP5,105.92, other accidents: PhP7,545.71 and intentional injuries: PhP8,023.00. Based on survey, other expenses not stated in hospital bills include medical supplies (PhP4,000.00), diagnostic tests (PhP 2,000.00), and post-discharge expenses (PhP 1,000.00).</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> Expenses due to injuries varied according to cause. Admission expenses recorded in the bill were not the only healthcare-related expenses shouldered by the patient and accounted for 68.6-159.0% of the bill value.</p>

Estimating the social and economic burden of road traffic injuries in the Philippines

@#<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> Road traffic injuries (RTI) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Despite underreporting, the scarce Philippine data suggest that RTI pose a significant health problem in the country. It is imperative, therefore, to accurately quantify the burden of RTI in the Philippines.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>OBJECTIVE:</strong> This study aimed to provide the first comprehensive baseline estimation of the socioeconomic burden of RTI in the Philippines for year 2014.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>METHODS:</strong> The study was a mixed method study design that utilized both primary and secondary data. These data were used to construct parameters needed for the modeling estimates. Measure of socioeconomic burden estimated were (1) economic costs, (2) disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and (3) healthy life years (HeaLY).</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>RESULT:</strong> Estimated deaths due to RTI in 2014 were 12,336 translating to 454,650 years life lost due to premature death. Injury episodes from RTI were estimated to be 2,798,088 in 2014 with 186,174 leading to admissions, translating to 56,224 years life lost to disability. The total DALY loss due to RTI in 2014 was estimated at 510, 874, while healthy life years lost were estimated to be 76,215,477.4. The estimated deaths and injuries for that year equaled to direct medical cost of PhP 1.213 B, productivity loss due to premature death of PhP 24.620 B, and productivity loss due to illness of PhP 685 M resulting to a total economic cost of PhP 26.519 B to the society.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> The findings indicate that RTI is an important public health concern in the Philippines with substantial economic and health burden. Investing in preventive measures will likely yield significant economic and health gains for the Philippines.</p>

A cross-sectional descriptive study on the earthquake preparedness of selected highly vulnerable barangays in Metro Manila / The Health Sciences Journal

Introduction@#A 7.2 magnitude earthquake arising from the West Valley Fault will result in thousands of lives lost and severe damage to property and infrastructure. This study aimed to determine the disaster preparedness of barangays in Metro Manila along the West Valley Fault.@*Methods@#This was a cross-sectional study of high risk barangays in six cities along the West Valley Fault using the Disaster Preparedness Audit. A total of 40 barangays were assessed on their levels of disaster preparedness in terms of percentage fulfilment of different criteria in the four thematic areas: 1) prevention and mitigation 2) preparedness 3) response and rehabilitation, and; 4) recovery.@*Results@#None of the surveyed barangays could fulfil all the 27 criteria for disaster preparedness. Most were only able to satisfy 50-74% of the criteria. As per thematic area, no barangay met ≥75% of the criteria for prevention and mitigation whereas 87.5%, 67.5% and 80% satisfied ≥75% of the criteria for preparedness, response and recovery, respectively. In terms of overall disaster preparedness, less than half of the surveyed barangays satisfied ≥75% of the total criteria.@*Conclusion @#Most of the barangays surveyed are inadequately prepared to cope with disaster arising from a major earthquake generated by the West Valley Fault.